Thirty years ago, a vast share of low- and middle-income countries was heavily state controlled. The liberalizations of the 1980s and 1990s had greatly different effects on growth in countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe. A comparative framework is used to document these differences, and a model...

This essay presents and evaluates two emerging approaches to postcommunist civil society: the pessimistic one which focuses on explaining the weakness of postcommunist civil society, and the emerging hopeful one which contends that civil society is alive and well in East-Central Europe....

This study compares the structure and determinants of inter-industry wage differentials in Eastern and Western European countries (namely Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Spain compared with Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia). To do so, we use a...