Napoleon’s invasion sparked the liberal revolution in Spain and led to the loss of its continental American colonies. Civil wars and a series of coups ensued, giving rise to successive regime changes. The liberal reforms were followed by absolutist counter-reforms that allowed the survival of...

Introduction -- Part I The Iberian Grounds of the Early Modern Globalization of Europe -- Global Context and the Rise of Europe. Iberia and the Atlantic -- Iberian Overseas Expansion and European trade networks -- Domestic Expansion in the Iberian Kingdoms -- Conclusions Part I -- Part II State...