normalize the situation in Europe suggests the need to refocus the policy debate on fundamentals: structural reform for growth … constraint, Europe stands a better chance of navigating the path out of the crisis because it has cooperative mechanisms … unavailable in Latin America. European cooperation can provide support for orderly crisis resolution as well as growth and …

Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods System diverging current account positions in Europe have prevailed. While the … fiscal policy stances for current account imbalances in Europe since the early 1970s under alternative institutional monetary …

We use a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) analysis to explore the (spill-over) effects of fiscal policy shocks in Europe …

innovation in terms of productivity and growth. Moreover, measured productivity differentials between Europe and the United …The extended period of limited growth experienced until recently in many European countries raises the issue as to … Europe. While in the recent past the research and policy debate in Europe has focused on fostering financial integration, the …

Credibility and financing problems are important reasons why countries may seek to involve external institutions in the … design and implementation of stabilization programs. In particular, governments may rely on external institutions to `enforce …