Next Generation Access Networks will enable much higher bandwidths than copper based access networks. Although technological progress provides for higher bandwidth on copper as well, most experts agree that next generation access networks finally will be based on fibre optic cables in the entire...

The review of the Universal Service Obligation (USO) has recently been debated in the European Union (EU). Under discussion there was the extension of the current universal service definition to include broadband access, for which some theoretical and empirical support exists. In fact the...