magnitude to the association between left-bias and secondary education, or living in urban areas. We then show that this left …

in magnitude to the left-wing bias of those with a secondary, relative to a primary, education. We then show that this …

This paper studies empirically the effect of education policies on human capital and per capita income. The results … suggest for European and OECD countries that higher attendance at pre-primary education, greater autonomy of schools and … universities, a lower student-to-teacher ratio, higher age of first tracking in secondary education and lower barriers to funding …