In the course of the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European … further organizational transformations in Europe, persistently small enterprises inhibited economic modernization in the …

In the course of the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European … further organizational transformations in Europe, persistently small enterprises inhibited economic modernization in the …

"This book attends to the most essential, lucrative, and overlooked business activity of early modern Europe: the trade …"The chapters in this volume grew out of the first conference devoted solely to the trade of paper. The speakers and … remains one of the least studied areas of early modern history. Organised into three sections, 'Hotspots and Trade Routes …

"International trade was of great importance for the Ottomans in the construction of their early empire. Kate Fleet …'s book examines the trade links which existed between European merchants and their Muslim counterparts from the beginnings of …