"The chapters in this volume grew out of the first conference devoted solely to the trade of paper. The speakers and attendees met in Erlangen, Germany, in February 2019 [...]. [...] The conference was generously sponsored by the German Research Association (DFG) and by the 'Freundeskreis der...

In the course of the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination. Two factors played critical roles. First, the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle...

In the course of the second millennium, the Middle East's commerce with Western Europe fell increasingly under European domination. Two factors played critical roles. First, the Islamic inheritance system, by raising the costs of dissolving a partnership following a partner's death, kept Middle...