root and Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests that account for cross-sectional dependence in the series, and three panel … a panel of 28 European economies during the 1995-2018 period. The hypothesis is verified using Pesaran (2007) panel unit …' integration, heterogeneous balanced panels and cases of limited evidence of cointegration. The empirical results suggested that …

model. For this purpose, generalized method of moments (GMM) and Granger causality tests are applied within a panel data …

cointegration technique, the study finds evidence of long-run relationship between innovation and per capita economic growth in most …

analysis by applying the testing (second-generation panel unit-root and cointegration tests) and the estimation approaches … study compares the two panel groups, Developed and Developing European countries, which might reveal how economic … development could affect the saving behavior. Second, the study considers the cross-section dependency effect in the panel data …

This paper analyses the short- and long-run effects of trade openness on financial development in a panel including …