lower calls prices. This was done by introducing wholesale regulation and promoting service based competition. Some years … retail minus or complete deregulation. -- access regulation ; vertical integration ; foreclosure ; price squeeze …

This paper looks at the effects of different forms of wholesale and retail regulation on retail competition in fixed … increases. We argue that a wholesale price regulation at average costs is not optimal in such a situation and discuss retail … minus and deregulation as potential alternatives. -- access regulation ; foreclosure ; margin squeeze ; telecommunications …

-world applicability of results compared to previous analyses. We show that a combined merchant-regulatory regulation, which draws upon a …

regulation and recently imposed fiber access regulations. Our main finding is that more stringent access regulations for both the …

regulation and recently imposed fiber access regulations. Our main finding is that more stringent access regulations for both the …

regulation and recently imposed fiber access regulations. Our main finding is that more stringent access regulations for both the …

paper also explores the challenges for policy and regulation that arise because of unbundling and recent, related …This paper discusses the development of local loop unbundling in telecommunications markets throughout the European …. Different types of unbundling, allowing for different types of entry and services provided by entrants, are discussed. This …