In this paper, we discuss from an economic perspective two alternative views of restrictions of competition by sports associations. The horizontal approach views such restrictions as an agreement among the participants of a sports league with the sports association merely representing an...

Institutions issuing publicly traded securities must divulge in a timely fashion any piece of information that may affect the price of their securities. When they fail to do so, these issuers expose themselves not only to administrative—and sometimes criminal—sanctions, but also to private...

This paper challenges the classical view on the role of litigation in Japan by examining a particular type of litigation, namely private antitrust litigation. It shows that the widely held idea that antitrust litigation in Japan is rare only holds when compared to the US, not Europe. The...