We are witnessing a shake-out in the European electronic purse market. Several cards that have been in the market for years have or are about to disappear. On the other hand, there are a number of schemes that are doing reasonably well, particularly in the Benelux. This article looks at the...

In this paper, we analyse 82 national newspaper sites from eight Western European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK). For these sites, we checked whether the content is offered for free or against payment, we listed the payment instruments...

This paper analyses the websites of 82 national daily newspapers in eight Western European countries, in order to determine their online revenue models. Overall, 80.5 per cent of our newspapers try to monetise (part of) their online content in direct ways. In doing so, the bulk of the paying...