This study grounds the establishment of EMU and the euro in the context of the history of international monetary … for a more expansive monetary policy. Such demands might arise in some parts or regions or countries of the euro area, but …

This study grounds the establishment of EMU and the euro in the context of the history of international monetary … for a more expansive monetary policy. Such demands might arise in some parts or regions or countries of the euro area, but …

over the period from 1948 through 2008. We find that, with the introduction of the euro, trade imbalances among euro area … tends to be more balanced when nominal exchange rates are flexible. Intra-euro area imbalances also seem to have become more … persistent with the introduction of the euro, some of which is linked to labor market inflexibility. Reviewing the direction of …