Debates and controversies about the democratic legitimacy of the EU have of course accompanied the Union from the very beginning. The “democratic paradox” of the EU exists because while committing itself to promote and scrutinize democracy in its member states, in candidate states, and in...

The language of common European constitutional identity is distinguishable from that of common European constitutional traditions, in that the former does not focus so centrally on the past, and is independent of the legal doctrinal language of the EU law. When discussing constitutional...