the euro which has shown the weaknesses of the European institutions and stressed the heterogeneity of member countries …. The global financial crisis struck the euro area very severely because it coincided with the lack of appropriate policy … euro. In the following section it describes the euro crisis and examines the remedies put in place, noting that despite the …

currencies and adopted a new common currency, the euro. Several recent papers argue that the introduction of the euro has led (by … put the trade effect of the euro in historical perspective. We argue that the creation of the EMU was a continuation (or … integration, the euro?s impact on trade disappears. Moreover, a significant part of the trend in European trade integration is …

of history confirm the stability of the euro as a single currency in the region and it is seen as a great achievement of …

The euro crisis remains unresolved even as financial markets may seem calm for now. The current euro regime is … the euro are assessed and found lacking. A "Euro Treasury" scheme operating on a strict rule and specifically designed not … to be a transfer union is proposed here as a condition sine qua non for healing the euro's potentially fatal birth …

governments and a lack of political leadership of the European institution , while the governance of the euro area has been … Council, named the ‘Pact for the Euro’, to design a new governance of the EMU, can be considered a fairly significant step for … framework set by the Pact for the Euro, underlines the need for appropriate institutions and a stronger attitude to cooperate …

readiness for euro adoption. The second aim is to examine whether the introduction of the euro in 1999 and the decision of the … countries to seek to join the euro area created any forces fostering their convergence, evidence which would be in line with the … theory on the endogeneity of the OCA criteria. Our findings indicate that the introduction of the euro did promote …

recent decisions by European Council taken in March 2011, named the ‘Pact of the Euro’, to design a new governance of the EMU … resolution principles and procedures, economic policy framework to the Member States of the euro area, although several questions … remain open. The present work seeks to investigate the causes of the crisis of the euro area and review the debate about the …