, around 65% to 70% of the arithmetical volume of euro banknotes issued by the Bundesbank were in circulation outside Germany …To facilitate a more detailed study of the volume of euro banknotes in circulation issued by the Deutsche Bundesbank …, it is broken down into the components of foreign demand, domestic hoarding and domestic transaction balances. These …

A digital euro would provide the general public with an additional means of payment in the form of risk-free central … bank money in digital form that is universally accepted for digital payments across the euro area. A digital euro would … strategic autonomy and monetary sovereignty of the euro area in the digital era. It would be designed to have no material impact …

, Germany and the Euro area. This is helpful for understanding and assessing recent trends. In a second step, evidence from 70 …Contrary to predictions that demand for cash will decline with the increased availability and use of non-cash payment … means, currency demand has increased in the Euro area and the US over the past 15 years. Against this background, this short …

This article introduces a new indicator to measure redenomination risks in Euro area countries. The measure is based on … abandoned for most Euro area countries, i.e. the former crisis countries Ireland and Portugal. If anything an appreciation may …