crisis have affected the conduct of monetary policy by the European Central Bank (ECB) within the Eurosystem, have led to the …

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, central banks started being confronted with severe challenges that led … centred on central banks communicating to the public more explicitly their future policy actions in order to influence … expectations. In the case of interest rates, as the standard policy rate approached the effective lower bound, major central banks …

Central Bank has little effect on the ECB's policy decisions; and (4) Countries with hard currency pegs experience unusually …

A striking asymmetry defines the European Central Bank (ECB)’s approach to democratic accountability. Today’s ECB makes … time, the central bank continues to hew closely to the Treaty’s scarce democratic accountability provisions. In this …