Governments around the globe protect the banking sector and enhance financial stability with a framework of rules, controls and procedures, referred to as the financial safety net. In the European Union (EU), the financial safety net lies within the competence of Member States and the efforts to...

Using a novel quarterly dataset on debt financing of non-financial corporations, this paper provides the first empirical evaluation of the relative importance of loan and market-based finance (MBF) supply shocks on business cycles in the euro area as a whole and in its five largest countries. In...

The objective of this study is to examine the causes of non-performing loans (NPLs) in the banking system of the euro area for the period 2003-2013 and distinguish between core and periphery country determinants. The increase in NPLs post crisis has put into question the robustness of many...

Using a novel quarterly dataset on debt financing of non-financial corporations, this paper provides the first empirical evaluation of the relative importance of loan and market-based finance (MBF) supply shocks on business cycles in the euro area as a whole and in its five largest countries. In...

At the time of the introduction of the Euro in 1999-2002, European banking was not integrated and highly concentrated. No wonder that European payment transfers, foremost the cross-border ones, were still quite expensive in these days. Although being a tremendous and path breaking event in many...