The European Central Bank (ECB) was built in Phase Two Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998. This institution performs tasks in line with its primary objective to maintain price stability, the rules of the EC Treaty and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The ECB has...

This essay re-examines the dual – republican and liberal – foundations of democratic legitimacy in the Western traditions of normative political theory. Considered in isolation, the European Union conforms to liberal standards but cannot satisfy republican criteria. Given these conflicting...

On June 7, 2015, the euro rescue fund will celebrate its 5th anniversary. Thus, it is time to take stock regarding the success of the reform strategy, the institutional relevance of the ESM, and current political challenges to the conditionality principle which is an essential pillar of the...