complement—a digital euro—becomes increasingly necessary. Accordingly, the article concludes that the ECB is both entitled and … obliged de lege lata to issue a digital euro on the basis of Article 128 TFEU. It further explains that neither tangible cash … nor a digital euro can simultaneously be used as instruments in themselves to maintain price stability …

Euro initiatives, such as the Libra stablecoin, and CBDCs, on banks. We find that both Libra and a Euro CBDC might heavily … to develop new business models stemming from these initiatives. Therefore, Libra and a CBDC Euro should not only be seen …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … methods. We draw a distinction between movements within Germany, circulation outside Germany but within the euro area and … demand from non-euroarea countries. Our approach suggests that only about 20% of euro notes issued by Germany are used for …

According to estimates using the seasonal method, the volume of euro coins held for transaction purposes in Germany in … Bundesbank) euro coins in circulation. 76% of the total volume of coins held for transaction purposes was accounted for by €1 and … abroad German euro coins are, on balance, only held outside the euro area. There they are being hoarded on a permanent basis …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … methods. We draw a distinction between movements within Germany, circulation outside Germany but within the euro area and … demand from non-euroarea countries. Our approach suggests that only about 20% of euro notes issued by Germany are used for …

In July 2021 the Eurosystem decided to launch the investigation phase of the digital euro project, which aims to … provide euro area citizens with access to central bank money in an increasingly digitalised world. While a digital euro could … of uncertainty surrounding the design of a potential digital euro, its demand and the prevailing environment in which it …

to an 86% increase in the Greek issue of euro banknotes.If EU/IMF loans to Greece cease, they will be replaced by larger … Greek borrowing from the eurosystem, for as long as Greece stays in the euro.Eurozone governments would only escape from … payments out of Greece, it would imply that cross-border payments by means of euro banknotes would also have to be restricted …

Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in …. Support for the euro in the two euroarea members Austria and Finland has remained high and relatively stable since the … physical introduction of the new currency nearly 20 years ago, while the euro crisis significantly reduced support for the euro …

The current state of affairs in the euro area (EA) instills hope in economic recovery but also substantial concern. The …

The current state of affairs in the euro area (EA) instills hope in economic recovery but also substantial concern. The …