Background: The opioid crisis is a complex problem associated with significant economic costs for healthcare systems and society. Simulation models have been developed to understand its complexity and to evaluate the potential costs of different strategies to address this problem.Methods: A...

The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients, with the aim to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate the symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or...

"This paper provides a study on conflicts of interest among college football coaches participating in the USA Today Coaches Poll of top 25 teams. The Poll provides a unique empirical setting that overcomes many of the challenges inherent in conflict of interest studies, because many agents are...

This handbook presents a systematic overview of approaches to, diversity, and problems involved in interdisciplinary rating methodologies. Historically, the purpose of ratings is to achieve information transparency regarding a given body’s activities, whether in the field of finance, banking,...

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: General Approaches to Ratings -- Chapter 1: Ratings as Tools of Informational Transparency -- 1.1 Evolution of the Understanding of Rating -- 1.1.1 What Is Success and Successfulness? -- 1.1.2 How Can Success Be Measured? -- 1.1.3 So...

We experimentally investigate a finitely repeated public good game with varying partners. Within each period, participants are pairwise matched and contribute simultaneously. Participants are informed about contributions and each participant evaluates her partner's contribution. At the beginning...