This paper focuses on the systems-of-innovation (SI) approach and its policy implications. It introduces the topic by … the innovation process and the division of labour between private and public actors in carrying out SI activities. In this … context, the paper argues that the notion of optimality is irrelevant in an innovation system context and it discusses the …

An innovation commons is an institutional solution to the innovation problem in which knowledge, information and … resources are pooled under defined governance rules to enable a particular community access to those inputs into innovation …, often in a context of peer production. This paper examines the economics of why and when the commons is an effective …