In the early 1970s, the portfolio theory of exchange rates with rational expectations was introduced to explain the behavior of floating exchange rates. While attractive in principle, the approach failed along with other theories to provide empirically convincing results. Over the years, the...

Economists writing on flexible exchange rates in the 1960s foresaw neither the magnitude nor the persistence of the changes in real exchange rates that have occurred in the last fifteen years. Unexpectedly large movements in relative prices have lead to sharp changes in exports and imports,...

The exchange rate is a crucial variable linking a nation's domestic economy to the international market. Thus choice of an exchange rate regime is a central component in the economic policy of developing countries and a key factor affecting economic growth. Historically, most developing nations...