The aim is to show how and when government insolvency implies a fixed exchange rate regime crisis. To model these issues I try to unify a stylized macroeconomic model with a standard micro agent behavior toward asset pricing. The equilibrium condition between demand and supply of public debt,...

After decades using monetary aggregates as the main instrument of monetary policy and having different varieties of crawling peg exchange rate regimes, Colombia adopted a full-fledged inflation-targeting (IT) regime in 1999, with inflation as the nominal anchor, a floating exchange rate, and the...

From September 2011 to January 2015, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a minimum exchange rate regime (i.e. a one-sided target zone) vis- à-vis the euro to fight deflationary pressures in the aftermath of the Great Financial Crisis. During this period of unconventional monetary policy,...

Recent research recognize that two balance sheet constraints can be of particular concern for an independent central bank: central bank equity cannot turn negative without any political and credibility risk, and central banks should avoid going insolvent if they want to maintain control over...

The zero level of interest rates constitutes a limit of this standard monetary policy instrument. Based on the example of the Czech Republic we argue that in such a situation foreign exchange interventions represent a meaningful monetary policy tool for small open economies not facing serious...

Emerging economies with inflation targets (IT) face a dilemma between fulfilling the theoretical conditions of strict IT, which imply a fully flexible exchange rate, or applying a flexible IT, which entails a de facto managed floating exchange rate with FX interventions to moderate exchange rate...

Emerging economies with inflation targets (IT) face a dilemma between fulfilling the theoretical conditions of strict IT which implies a fully flexible exchange rate, or applying a flexible IT, which entails a de facto managed floating exchange rate with forex interventions to moderate exchange...

Economic and financial integration has reshaped the monetary policy frameworks and transmission channels in the emerging market economies (EMEs) over the past two decades. Economic and financial linkages have become stronger, resulting in greater synchronization of business cycles across...

Foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is a highly debated topic. Yet, comprehensive and comparable data on FXI is hard to find. This paper provides a new dataset of FXI covering a large number of countries over the period 2000-20 at monthly and quarterly frequencies. It includes publicly available...

During the first two years of monetary union, the euro's weakness surprised most market participants. Explanations proliferated ranging from fundamentals such as differences in growth prospects to psychological factors such as herd behaviour, but no single story fully accounts for the observed...