This paper imagines a world in which countries are on the Bitcoin standard, a monetary system in which all media of exchange are Bitcoin or are backed by it. The paper explores the similarities and differences between the Bitcoin standard and the gold standard and describes the media of exchange...

The extent to which foreign exchange (FX) market interventions impact on changes in the spot exchange rate and prices of consumer goods and services still remain an open question. Using non-recursive structural vector autoregression (VAR) model, we examine the interactions between the...

This case study explains the inconsistency of the Slovenian currency. Struggling to become an independent country, Slovenia gained its independence in the early 1990s. As Slovenia develops into an independent country, gaining monetary independence was a necessity for them to stand strong as a...

As currently articulated, the monetary sovereignty argument for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) rests on the idea that without them, private and foreign digital monies could displace domestic currencies (a process called currency substitution), threatening the central bank's monetary...

Despite constituting the very heart of the monetary transmission mechanism, widespread misconceptions still exist regarding how monetary policy is implemented. This paper highlights the key misconceptions in this regard and shows how they have compromised the understanding of important aspects...

The Russian banking sector in November was affected by the same key adverse trends that have been prevailing over the recent months. The monetary authority's resources still served as the principal source of funding for banks, which is indicative of a systemic shortage of traditional types of...

The Target imbalances within the Eurozone can be interpreted as a sign of a missing balance of payments adjustment mechanism for the member countries. As the Eurozone lacks a fiscal union, in economic theory it is more an exchange rate union or a system of fixed exchange rates than a monetary...

A dynamic general equilibrium model of an open economy with staggered wages is constructed. We analyse disinflation through pegging the exchange rate. In accordance with the stylised facts, an initial boom in output can result, depending on the exact level of the peg. The reason is an element of...

Monetary authorities during a hyperinflation occasionally extract seignorage and then abandon the currency. Modelling the central bank as an exhaustible resource extracting monopolist that equates average and marginal profit to extract remaining seignorage by the optimal stopping time explains...

This study argues that the ease at which economic agents have access to foreign earnings would influence/increase the level of dollarization in the economy. The three sources of foreign currency earnings are financial integration, trade openness and natural resource rent. As such, we extend the...