Across the globe, cities, states, and countries are moving towards improving gender diversity in corporate boardrooms. In 2003, Norway became the first developed country to institute a gender quota for corporate boards of directors, and other countries have followed suit. As the ratio of women...

Research review boards, established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects, have to ensure that conflicts of interest do not interfere with the ethical conduct of medical research. Private, commercial review boards, which increasingly review research protocols, are...