This paper considers the problems facing decision-makers using econometric models in real time. It identifies the key stages involved and highlights the role of automated systems in reducing the effect of data snooping. It sets out many choices that researchers face in construction of automated...

Many business decisions, such as managing investment instruments, selecting medical care, and managing various supply chains, are being made repetitively in uncertain environments. At times, decisions under uncertainty could be perceived as wrong ex-post even though they are really ex-ante...