We validate experimentally a new survey item to measure the preference for competition. The item, which measures … participants' agreement with the statement "Competition brings the best out of me", predicts individuals' willingness to compete in … predicted differences in their preference for competition: professional athletes and non-athletes. As predicted, we find that …

number of winners is either uncertain (but with known probabilities) or ambiguous (with unknown probabilities for different …. Men also increase their willingness to enter competition in the presence of ambiguity. Overall, both effects contribute to …

The emergence of competition is a defining aspect of human nature and characterizes many important social environments … stronger competitiveness in within group (ingroup) matchings than in between group (outgroup) matchings or in a control setting …

In a real effort experiment with repeated competition we find striking differences in how the work effort of men and … experiment. Our findings shed new light on why women may be less inclined to pursue competition-intensive careers. …