appearance of a significant gender gap in competitiveness even among those who are initially willing to compete. This gender …

contraceptives to determine the importance of sex hormones in explaining gender differences in competitiveness. Participants in a … of progesterone on competitiveness and our results therefore provide a partial biological explanation for gender … differences in competitiveness. We consider three possible indirect pathways through which sex hormones could affect …

measure the competitiveness of gay, lesbian and straight panel members. For differences in competitiveness to partially … more competitive than other women. Our findings confirm this competitiveness hypothesis for men, but not for women. Gay men … data, we show that competitiveness is a significant predictor of earnings. Differences in competitiveness can account for a …

with different ethnic composition and elicit a measure of their competitiveness. We find that when compelled to compete …

explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … cold-pressor task. We find no causal effect of stress on competitiveness for the sample as a whole and only tentative …

explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … cold-pressor task. We find no causal effect of stress on competitiveness for the sample as a whole and only tentative …