-scale randomized control evaluation in Punjab, Pakistan of a reform designed to address this problem. The reform affects healthcare for … doctor attendance. The scale of the experiment permits an investigation into the mechanisms underlying this result. We find …

-scale randomized control evaluation in Punjab, Pakistan of a reform designed to address this problem. The reform affects healthcare for … doctor attendance. The scale of the experiment permits an investigation into the mechanisms underlying this result. We find …

that politicians provide public jobs with limited work requirements as patronage. We test this patronage hypothesis in … Pakistan using: (i) a randomized controlled evaluation of a novel smartphone absence monitoring technology; (ii) data on … election outcomes in the 240 constituencies where the experiment took place; (iii) attendance recorded during unannounced …

. Using exogenous variation in work absence induced by a randomized field experiment that increased treated workers' absence …