-dependent preferences and prohibit experimenter bias. The effect also shows within-subject in auction experiments: the price that subjects …

Some people assign negative values for new products sold on laboratory auction blocks (i.e., irradiated meat). We …. Aggregate bidding in the second-price auction is precise but biased - highest-value positive bidders tend to overstate benefits …, whereas lowest-negative bidders understate losses. In contrast, bidding behavior in the random nth-price auction is demand …