), (0, 0, 1) and (0, 0, 0) for the candidates O, G and B, respectively. After each election, the candidate with the most … winner was selected randomly with the tied candidates having equal probabilities of being selected. After each election …, subjects were informed of the number of votes received by each candidate, the election winner and their payoffs. The equilibria …

between two potential policy outcomes of an election participate in large-scale elections when voting is costly? Using a … is costly and the voter has no monetary stake in the election outcome. In our sample, we observe that at least fourteen … they have no pecuniary interest in the election outcome. …

In 2010, we informed a random set of Delhi councilors, some ineligible for re-election in their current ward, that a …