exposed to the bid prices, a systematic bias occurs that gives an unjust advantage to the lower bidder. We term this the Lower …-Bid Bias. It is then shown that this bias can be neutralized by splitting the evaluation process into two stages, whereby bid … this bias is undesirable and suggest a mandatory rule, requiring two-stage CB for any competitive public procurement based …

tender outcomes. First, bureaucrats state to have substantial discretion at work but no important incentives. Second, our …

tender outcomes. First, bureaucrats state to have substantial discretion at work but no important incentives. Second, our …

tender outcomes. First, bureaucrats state to have substantial discretion at work but no important incentives. Second, our …

having sizeable discretion and minimal extrinsic incentives. Through conjoint experiments, we identify the relative …

having sizeable discretion and minimal extrinsic incentives. Through conjoint experiments, we identify the relative …

that judges would have an anti-speculator bias. However, in an actual behavioral study, 185 judges did not exhibit such … bias. In another sample of 170 professional lawyers, we found weak support for an anti-speculator bias. This evidence …