David Freedman’s critique of causal modeling in the social and biomedical sciences was fundamental. In his view, the enterprise was misguided, and there was no technical fix. Far too often, there was a disconnect between what the statistical methods required and the substantive information...

David Freedman's critique of causal modeling in the social and biomedical sciences was fundamental. In his view, the enterprise was misguided, and there was no technical fix. Far too often, there was a disconnect between what the statistical methods required and the substantive information that...

Contrary to Tests of Hypotheses intended to verify a priori hypotheses regarding relations between variables, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is used to search and discover systematic relationships between variables by taking into count a large number of variables. In these exploratory...