It has become common to measure the quality of exports using their unit export value (UEV). Applications of this method include studies of intra-industry trade (IIT) and analyses of industrial "competitiveness". This literature seems to assume that export quality and export price (the most...

This paper aims to provide understanding of the relative trade performances and technological competitiveness, with particular emphasis on product quality, innovation and skills. The firm-level case studies support the conclusions arising from the aggregate analysis. Germany spends more on...