Most of the empirical studies on the micro-level effects of exporting on productivity pay little attention to the potentially heterogeneous effects of the different modes of export market entry. We study how productivity of firms is affected by export entry simultaneously into several markets or...

Export experience of managers and other top specialists is among the key drivers of export decisions in firms. We show evidence of this regularity based on employer-employee level data from the manufacturing industry in Estonia. We find that hiring managers and other high-wage employees with...