According to the previous literature on hiring, firms face a trade-off when deciding on external recruiting: From an incentive perspective, external recruiting is harmful since admission of external candidates reduces internal workers’ career incentives. However, if external workers have high...

Rewards often help to exercise self-control. However, whether a person receives an external or a self-reward may have different implications for her future self-control motivation. Recent research suggests that external rewards may improve self-control in the short-run but lead to a decrease of...