This paper investigates the conflict of interests between shareholders and debtholders by examining the work effort of outside directors when a company experiences financial distress or has a high financial leverage. We find that at both company level and individual director level: (i) outside...

This paper studies the relation between managerial power, the manager's compensation contract, and firm performance when the manager's contract comprises a stock-based pay and a fixed salary. When there is no cap on the manager's salary, the size of the manager's stock-based compensation is the...

Managerial discretion is likely to be beneficial to shareholders because of strategic cross-effects in an oligopoly. In certain circumstances, shareholders deliberately retain managerial discretion in equilibrium even when the reduction of managerial discretion is cost free. It is found that the...