While social research of kibbutz movements has ignored the leadership factor, historians did not use sociological theory to explain phenomena that negated their egalitarian and democratic ethos: leaders' half-century tenure and reverence of dictatorial USSR. This reverence was a survival...

Leadership is an evasive phenomenon with problematic constructs; transformational leadership (TL) is defined by its results, which charismatic leadership (CL) may also achieve. Adding charisma to TL’s attributes generated the concept of charismatic-transformational leadership (C-TL)....

To what degree is leaders’ vulnerable involvement in employees’ deliberations essential for effective leadership of inter-kibbutz co-operatives (IKCs)? A unique semi-native anthropology of outsider-managed automatic processing inter-kibbutz plants and parent IKCs suggests that such...

Both moral and phronetic leadership studies largely missed authority-risking trust-creating vulnerable involvement in subordinates’ deliberations by moral rebel outsider executives. The latter high-morally expose gaps in subordinates’ exclusive phronesis and tacit know-how learned on the job...

Co-operatives literature has ignored the leadership factor despite its essentiality for retaining egalitarianism and democracy amid success and growth, and despite the tendency of leaders who succeeded by democratic trust and consent management, to become conservative oligarchic autocrats....

Maintaining co-operative principles in large successful co-operatives requires creativity engendered by high-moral trusted innovative leaders who avoid capitalist practices. However, if such leaders are not replaced within 10-16 years, they usually enter conservative dysfunction phase, suppress...