model jointly to services trade and commercial presence (i.e. FDI), using a composite model of delivery that offers testable … hypotheses about the roles of different modes of services supply as complements or substitutes. We further link our estimates to … and financial services as showing the largest potential for cross-border trade when market regulations are reduced and …

-border trade and FDI in the services sectors. We first develop a consistent analytical framework for the application of the gravity … model to both services trade and commercial presence (i.e. FDI), using a composite model of delivery that offers testable … hypotheses about the roles of different modes of services supply as complements or substitutes. We further link our estimates to …

Using input-output analysis, this research project investigates the role of services in the Central European new EU … Austria. The role of services includes not only their position in the production structure per se but also their increasing … importance as an intermediate input for manufacturing and other services. As services were underdeveloped under the former system …

and direction of the causal association between foreign direct investment (FDI) in financial services and financial … relationship between financial development and FDI in financial services after incorporating the extent of heterogeneity among … emerging economies. The authors find long run unidirectional causality from financial development to financial services FDI …

This paper investigates spatial dependence of FDI knowledge spillovers in manufacturing and services using spatial … research indicates that for knowledge absorption, geographic distance plays differing roles in manufacturing and services, due …