document outcomes among individuals with deceased parents. I focus first on minors and find that about 2 million children in … orphan population in the United States. Relative to children with both parents living, these maternal and paternal orphans …

Background: Although sons are thought to impose greater physiological costs on mothers than daughters, sons may be … parental mortality. Results: Based on 7 measures of sex composition, we find no protective effect of sons in either China or … Taiwan. For example, in the 1989 Taiwan sample, the hazard ratio for maternal mortality associated with having an eldest son …

maternal nutrition over mothers' childbearing careers. In apparent contrast, Jayachandran and Pande (2017) show, using the same … order gradient. They interpret this pattern as discrimination against later birth-order children in India. This paper … household wellbeing can account for the empirical findings of both studies: A mother having higher fertility, rather than lower …

This study examines birth registration for children of adolescent mothers based on family and citizenship concepts, and … show 99 percent completion for birth registration of children under 5 years for the 2011-2015 period. For the same period …, 98 percent of births to adolescent mothers were registered, but only 78 percent of all births to adolescent mothers were …