The last 25 years has seen a transformation in how early years education and childcare is approached in England. The establishment and subsequent expansions of a "free entitlement" to funded early education and childcare have seen early years spending quadruple over the last 25 years, and a...

This report brings together the findings of a comprehensive programme of work that IFS has led on the short- and medium-term impacts of Sure Start on children's outcomes. At the time this research started, there was little evidence on whether Sure Start had benefited children, especially beyond...

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the intergenerational mobility of education in several European countries and its changes across birth cohorts (1940-1980) using a new mobility index that considers the total degree of mobility as the weighted sum of mobility with respect to both...

Introduction: Specific cultural practices as a vital phenomenon, which is comprised as collectively and repeatedly in society, reveal the effect of social attitudes and behaviors on health and illness. Aim: The objective of this study is to determine views related with specific cultural...

Collegiate social Greek letter organizations, known as fraternities and sororities, are longstanding and prevalent fixtures on college and university campuses in the United States. Prior research has shown that membership alters academic performance, health-related behaviors, and social...

This paper analyses the effects of late entry on the human capital of immigrant children, and investigates the channels via which age-at-migration affects the native-immigration education gap. Ordinary-least-squares estimates can be biased if parents factor the age of children into their...

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of children's lives, with impacts on their social and emotional development as well as their educational attainment. School closures increased social and emotional difficulties (Blanden et al., 2021); lack of contact with friends and extended family...

We examine how a paid parental leave reform causally affected families' living arrangements. The German reform we examine replaced a means-tested benefit with a universal transfer paid out for a shorter period. Combining a regression discontinuity with a difference-in-differences design, we find...