and some other social characteristics differ significantly among offenders convicted of intimate partner violence, child …-parent abuse, or non-domestic violence. Offenders sentenced for child-parent violence have a higher probability to be incarcerated … intimate partner violence compared to non-domestic violent offenders. Moreover, partner abusers receive even shorter sentences …

', criminologists and family researchers have found the familial context to be at the core of many forms of crime and violence. Family … members often find themselves as victims of crime and violence, often perpetrated by yet another family member. The unique … violence within families. Understandably, societies often struggle to address crime and violence within families; as such …