We study the effect of childcare availability on child penalties. Using Swiss administrative data, we exploit the … staggered opening od childcare facilities across municipalities in the canton of Bern. We find that the presence of childcare … facilities in the year of birth of the first child reduces the child penalty. The availability of childcare increases maternal …

, on the other hand, parental employment reduces the amount of time parents spend with their children. …'s well-being and long-term educational outcomes. The overall effect of maternal and paternal employment on children …'s cognitive and educational attainment is not obvious: on the one hand, children may benefit from higher levels of family income …

particular, but we know little about the possible wage impact of leave to care for sick children, which is a part of the Swedish …

gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …The paper documents employment and wage gaps, which arise between mothers and childless women, for a set of 28 European …

non-married cohabiting parents. This effect results from a reduced risk of single parenthood among women who gained from … increased paternal involvement in childcare. …

parents inside the family. We use data from the World Value Survey to construct a country-specific measure of the value …This paper analyzes how culture affects the engagement of parents in child-rearing activities, and time allocations of …-and second-generation migrant parents in Australia. We show that migrant parents from countries in which obedience is more valued …

In 1985, Gary Becker predicted employment and childcare sex gaps may ‘disappear or be greatly attenuated in the near … future.’ In this article, I examine trends in the employment gap between mothers and fathers of young children over the last …. Evidence from Canada finds childcare subsidies have a bigger impact on the gap than parental leave. …

on adult children's labor market outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we use Danish administrative data … family support channels. Our findings reveal enduring negative effects on the earnings of both adult sons and daughters: sons … mental health-related and opioid prescriptions. Furthermore, we find that women with young children experience a …

-in-differences design, we find that the reform increased the probability that a newborn lives with non-married cohabiting parents. This … increased female financial attractiveness and increased paternal involvement in childcare. …

parental responsibilities, they would be less likely to invade adolescent parents’ fundamental rights to raise their children … rights of adolescent parents. This Article argues that the constitutional rights of parents to raise their children require …Every parent in America has constitutional rights to parent his or her children. But if a parent is under the age of …