In 1913, Congress purposefully created the Federal Reserve as an independent central bank, which created a fundamental tension: how to ensure the Fed remains accountable to the electorate without losing its independence. Over the years, there have been changes in the Fed’s structure to improve...

While the goals that guide monetary policy in different countries are very similar, central banks diverge in their methods of implementing policy. This study of the policy frameworks of four central banks—the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, and the Swiss...

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2011/q2/around_the_fed_weblinks.cfm

Introductory Remarks for the Panel Discussion Sponsored by the Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute and the Economic Club of Minnesota at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Remarks at the Global Association of Risk Professionals 12th Annual Risk Management Convention, New York City.

Remarks at the Future of Banking Regulation and Supervision in the EU Conference, Frankfurt, Germany.

Remarks at the New York Association for Business Economics, New York City.