variation in contraceptive access to demonstrate that it reduced the rates of both extremely preterm births and infant mortality …This paper documents an important unintended consequence of expanding contraceptive access; namely that it creates …-acting reversible contraceptives to reproductive-age women in the St. Louis metropolitan area as a source of plausibly exogenous …

We document increased old-age mortality rates among Swedish twin mothers compared to non-twin mothers. Results are … based on administrative data on mortality for the years 1990 to 2010. We argue that twins are an unplanned shock to … fertility in the cohorts of older women considered. Deaths due to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart …

expanding access to long-acting reversible contraceptives to lower income women creates positive selection in the health of the … children being born, reducing the rates of extremely preterm births and infant mortality. My most conservative estimates … suggest reductions of 1.1 extremely preterm births and 0.9 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, with the largest reduction in …