industrialized countries, we hint at the existence of a threshold ratio of gender equity in the distribution of domestic work that …

as childcare and leave policies interaction. The findings from the fixed effects model reveal that childcare coverage for … gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …

important in explaining the division of labor in the home, often given as a cause for the gender wage gap. Indeed, as fertility … diminished leading to less division of labor in the home and a smaller gender wage disparity. Unlike other models of division of …

tend to reduce the proportion of regular female employment in Japan and Korea, (ii) the persistent gender wage gap … fertility, and (iv) there is a need for more public spending on childcare for age 6-11 in Japan and Korea to help women continue …

labor supply are mitigated by the childcare provided by grandparents. Our results have important implications for population … and public childcare policies. …

We consider the effects of a paid childcare leave subsidy on maternal behavior in South Korea using a difference …-in-difference design and a fertility survey with information on conception, contraception, and labor supply arrangements. Childcare … contraception to the childcare subsidy are 0.65 and -0.10, respectively. However, we do not find effects on employment arrangements …

at aiding families. The outcomes of interest are female employment, gender gaps in earnings and fertility. We begin with … gender outcomes. Most estimates of the impact of parental leave entitlement on female labor market outcomes range from … childcare. …