exogenous instruments of fertility. The results show strong impact of children on preventing old parents from strenuous works at … senior age, e.g. having one more child significantly reduces post-retirement aged rural parents' probability of working by 12 ….8 percentage points. Such impact is especially strong among the more vulnerable elder parents with worse health and little pension …

the bias and estimate bounds on the true parameter. …

impacts on women's labour supply, or on investments in children. Using data for developing countries and the United States, we … demonstrate the nature and size of the bias in the twin-IV estimator of the quantity-quality trade-off and estimate bounds on the …

–quality trade-off, we demonstrate the nature of the bias and estimate bounds on the true parameter. …

Mothers' longer time on parental leave after having children has been proposed as one reason for remaining gender … division of parental leave of biological parents (where the mother gave birth) to adoptive parents (where she did not), to …, and families that had both adopted and biological children. We find that the mother's share of parental leave is lower if …

parental preferences regarding inequality in the distribution of their children's quality and on how costly it is for parents …We take advantage of recent advances in behavioral genetics to revisit a classic question in economics: how do parents … respond to children's endowments and to differences in endowments among siblings? Parental investment decisions depend both on …

The birth of children often shifts the power balance within a family. If family decisions are made according to the … birth of children may differ from the ex-ante optimal choice. In a model of cooperative decision making within a family, we … show that this time consistency problem leads to a systematic downward bias in fertility choices. By keeping fertility low …