Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women's careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is … considering their distinct characteristics and the varying impact of motherhood. To address the biases, we propose a novel … substantially larger estimates of earnings losses after childbirth (by 20 percent), indicating that the costs of motherhood and …

the first child, explain part of the so-called motherhood effect in labor market outcomes. Using data for 29 countries … marriage or pregnancy, is responsible for women exiting the labor force upon motherhood. …

In this paper we assess whether changes in labor market decisions upon motherhood lead to potential inefficient … that motherhood effects go beyond the well studied effects of labor market participation decisions: the arrival of the … labor market responses to motherhood are larger in societies with more conservative social-norms or with weak policies …

Using a semiparametric event study approach with a control group, we estimate the effect of motherhood on labor market … information on all births. Our estimation approach accounts for motherhood being a staggered treatment. The reform has small … positive medium-run effects employment outcomes. It changes the selection into motherhood and has certain heterogeneous effects …