-income, first-time mothers. A major goal of the program is to improve the participants’ economic self-sufficiency and family … welfare state arrangements for disadvantaged mothers with young children in Germany. …

opportunity costs for raising children. Indeed, we show that children exposed to kindergartens were less likely to work during … that exposure to kindergartens particularly helped immigrant children from non-English-speaking countries to gain English …

the household. Using a sample of PSID-CDS children, we investigate whether the birth order effects in their outcomes are …

Having children has a sizeable impact on women's labour outcomes, but not on men's. The differential effects of … children by gender are referred to as child penalties, and are now documented in many countries. In this paper, we exploit the … 14.2%. We also document larger negative impacts of parenthood for women who had multiple children or those with a lower …

employment and fertility among women, as well as long‐run cognitive outcomes among children. A dynamic structural model of … mothers' behavior on long‐run cognitive outcomes of children. The reform leads to lower reading scores among children … alternative child care subsidy, an expanded maternity leave program, and a tax deduction for mothers with children. …

In a model with endogenous fertility and labor supply three instruments of family policies are analyzed: child benefits …, subsidies for external child care, and parental leave payments. We compare the impact on the quantity and quality of children … in balancing family and work than parental leave payments. The welfare analysis shows that the introduction of subsidies …

maternal employment depend on the career costs of children a woman faces. It builds on the idea that these costs vary by … effects on fertility and maternal employment are driven by women who face relatively higher career costs of children: women in … education level. The findings reveal that policies which reconcile family and work life are indeed more beneficial for women …

cohabiting with a new partner or on hours spent with children entitled to child support. There is only weak evidence of a …