The literature examining analyst activity assumes that access to management is valued by analysts and their employers. We propose a readily observable measure of access: how often an analyst is invited to be among the first to ask questions in the Q&A session of an earnings conference call....

Consistent with the idea that some of the noise in analysts' earnings forecasts originates in their geographic locations, we find that when analysts' locations are geographically more dispersed, the consensus forecast is more accurate, suggesting a diversification effect. Importantly, analysts'...

We show that when the locations of analysts covering a firm are geographically more diverse, the individual forecasts of the analysts for that firm are less correlated. More geographical diversity of co-analyst locations leads to more accurate individual analyst forecasts. This suggests that...